The Developmental Significance of Biodiversity in the Waters and Estuarine Areas in Iraq

Abstract

This research aims to study and analyse the biodiversity in the environment of The Main Estuary and the potential for utilizing its waters in the development and preservation of various types of biodiversity, including plant and animal species. The Main Estuary is considered one of the significant environmental development projects in Iraq, capable of contributing to the national economic development due to its rich biodiversity. The study identified 16 plant species in The Main Estuary environment, including 9 aquatic plant species and 7 terrestrial plant species. The diversity of birds in the area reached 62 species, alongside 13 species of reptiles and amphibians. Additionally, domesticated animals graze in The Main Estuary environment, relying on natural pastures and agricultural lands that depend on its waters, which has facilitated the spread of various wild plant species. The research employed descriptive and analytical methodologies to achieve the desired results. The study concluded with several findings, the most significant of which is that illegal hunting is one of the primary threats to biodiversity in The Main Estuary area. The research also proposed important recommendations, including the implementation of legal regulations to curb violations against the natural environment and its biodiversity