Journal of Education College Wasit University
The Journal of the College of Education (EDUJ) is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the College of Education for Human Sciences at Wasit University, Iraq. It serves as a platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to share original research and studies in the fields of humanities, educational sciences, social sciences, and related disciplines. The journal aims to promote academic dialogue and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in education and human sciences, both locally and internationally. It accepts submissions in Arabic and English. The journal is issued regularly and adheres to high standards of academic integrity, transparency in the peer review process, and open-access policies to ensure broad dissemination of knowledge.
The effect of Hermann's model on conceptual comprehension in the Principles of Psychology course for fifth grade students
The research aims to identify the effect of Hermann's model on conceptual comprehension in the subject of Principles of Psychology for fifth grade students. The researcher adopted the experimental research approach and an experimental design with partial control. The researcher chose Section A from the students of the fifth literary grade to represent the experimental group taught according to Hermann's model. Section B: The control group taught in the traditional way. The number of students in both groups was (60), with (30) students in each group. Students in both groups were rewarded on the two variables: chronological age and intelligence. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher prepared a conceptual comprehension test, and the face validity, construct validity, and stability of the conceptual comprehension test were verified using the Keuder-Richardson coefficient of 20. The researcher used the T-test for two independent samples (T-test) to treat the data statistically, and the results showed the superiority of the experimental group that was studied according to the model. Herman in conceptual understanding in the principles of psychology course, and the researcher recommended using Herman in teaching because of his effectiveness in conceptual understanding.
Herman's conceptual comprehension model , psychology .
Copyright (c) 2024 م .نصير داخل سلطان https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Rethinking Mind Style and Related Foundational Concepts: A Theoretical Perspective
Human beings experience the world themselves but are more eager to learn how others experience and see it as well. Our social tendency and cognitive aptitude, in fact, naturally compel us to know what is going on in other people’s minds and reading fiction could fall into serving this end. The abundance of concurrent linguistic stylistic patterns consistently conveyed in a literary text will then provide readers to have a new perspective captured by the fictional mind; i.e. mind style will be forged. The aim of this paper is to investigate mind style as a core concept and trace back the key scholars who have laid its theoretical foundation. In doing so, other concepts closely linked to the notion will be compared and eventually scrutinised. A host of studies are highlighted underpinning the core principles and assumptions concerning mind style. This paper, therefore, maps out the full theoretical landscape of the notion to better understand the concept. Two of the most general conclusions arrived at are: the first one is both mind style and social minds touch upon the representation of cognitive viewpoints in literature. The second one concerns mind style to be essentially a particular expression of the broader narrative concept, ‘point of view’, which frames the way a story is conveyed.
mind style, world view, fiction, social minds, reading
Copyright (c) 2025 خليل صالح حسن السيد، أ.م.د لنجة عبد الرزاق الدباغ https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effectiveness of a guidance program to correct bullying behavior in Wasit intermediate schools
The researcher aims to demonstrate the effectiveness and value of a guidance program implemented by educational counselors in middle schools in Wasit Governorate in Iraq to reduce the severity of bullying in students’ behavior among themselves, and to address abnormal cases. The importance of the research is evident in examining the conditions of students between the ages of 13 and 15 years and their need for attention and guidance care. The descriptive analytical approach and the applied, fragmented approach were used to present the program in 8 guidance sessions for a random sample of 182 middle school students distributed across 3 schools in Wasit Governorate. They were divided into experimental classes with 93 students and control classes with 89 students. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the students in the experimental classes who followed the guidance program in terms of a decrease in bullying rates and the students in the control classes who did not follow the program. It also showed the need for educational guides and advisors to have training and rehabilitation sessions to develop their guidance performance in dealing with behavioral cases such as bullying, discrimination, and excessive aggression. It also revealed the presence of extreme bullying, sometimes widespread among students, reflecting the wealth and status of their parents. This behavior is not related to gender, and there are deficiencies in the performance of supervisors due to administrative pressures, especially in government schools with overcrowded classrooms, which hinders the supervisor's work. The researcher recommended the importance and necessity of holding training sessions for educational supervisors by the Education Directorate, addressing how to address student behavior and shift it from a negative to a positive framework, and developing guidance programs for students in the intermediate and preparatory stages
Effectiveness , guidance program , evaluation, behaviors , bullying student .
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م. وسام صالح مهدي عباس https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Stylistic Analysis of Overstatement in Kamala Harris's Selected Speeches
This paper studies the notion of overstatement in American political ‎speeches particularly those which is delivered by the vice president of ‎united states kamala Harris. The study aims at discovering what are the ‎stylistic tools employed in political that contribute to the construction of overstatement in political discourse and its effect on the audience to express overstatement ‎and how politicians utilize them in their speech strategically. For model ‎of analysis, Leech and Short (2007) is‎ used in this study. Concerning the method of analysis, ‎qualitative method is employed for analysis the data in question. The study concludes that politicians like Harris in their speeches deploy linguistic tools such as metaphor, persuasion, hyperbole, repetition, simile, personification, tone, assertion, and parallelism modality stylistically to represent overstatement in national issues. It also reveals that overstatement in political context serves as a persuasive tool that shapes the perception of the public by emotionally charging language through using stylistic tools to portray the political ambition in idealistic form with the aim of highlighting their political and national accomplishments and in turn achieving their political aims.
stylistics, overstatement, metaphor, repetition, tone
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م بشائر جميل رهيف، د. صالح مهدي عداي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effectiveness of a training program based on the developmental theory of intelligence to improve school integration among secondary school students
The aim of the current research is to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on the developmental theory of intelligence to improve school integration among high school students. The experimental method was used in the study as it fits the nature of the research. The researcher prepared the study tools and extracted the validity and reliability of the study tools. The sample of the research consisted of (60) female students who were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group, each consisting of (30) students. The results indicated the effectiveness of the program in improving school integration among high school students. The researcher also wrote recommendations and suggestions based on the research results
effectiveness, training program, development theory, intelligence, desire to learn
Copyright (c) 2024 هبه مجيد عيسى, أ.د. علي عبد الكاظم عجه https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Positive organizational behavior among graduate students
The current research aims to identify the degree of positive organizational behavior among graduate students. In order to achieve this goal, the research sample was selected, consisting of (350) male and female graduate students at the University of Wasit for the academic year 2023-2024. The sample was chosen by a stratified random method with a proportional distribution. The Obaid scale (2022) was adopted as a measurement tool, and the scale consists of (28) items distributed into four areas: (self-efficacy, hope, optimism, and flexibility). The psychometric properties of the scale, represented by validity and reliability, were extracted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results of the research concluded that graduate students have positive organizational behavior
positive organizational behavior, graduate students
Copyright (c) 2025 رشــا سـعـد فـرحـان، أ.د. عـدنان مـارد جـبر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Evaluation of Science Textbooks for the Elementary Stage According to STEAM Standards
The study adopted the descriptive analytical approach and involved the development of an analysis instrument consisting of 343 indicators, distributed across 35 standards and 11 domains, based on the Maryland STEM Standards of Practice and the National Core Arts Standards (NCCAS). The content of six science textbooks for Grades 1 through 6 was analyzed using content analysis methodology, with frequencies and percentages extracted for each standard and domain. The results indicated that the level of inclusion of STEAM standards in the science textbooks ranged between 52.48% and 58.31%, reflecting a moderate level of inclusion. The findings also showed that some standards were highly represented while a number of other standards, especially those related to the arts, were either absent or weakly included. The analysis further revealed a disparity in the distribution of standards across the grade levels, along with a clear lack of systematic integration among the STEAM components within the textbook content. In light of these results, the researcher presented a set of recommendations, most notably: the necessity of reviewing and developing the content of science textbooks to enhance the representation of STEAM standards; incorporating and training teachers on implementing integrated education; and building curricula based on clear and coherent standard-based frameworks.
Textbook Evaluation, Science Textbooks, Elementary Stage, STEAM, Maryland Standards of Practice for STEM, National Core Arts Standards.
Copyright (c) 2025 م. أمير محمد علي رسول السعدي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Conflict of Values and Its Impact on Cultural and Social Integration between Jews of the crossing and Kibbutz Residents: A Study of the Novel( Scapegoat) by the Iraqi Jewish Author Eli Amir
The phenomenon of value conflict is one experienced by most societies, particularly those that receive immigrants and newcomers. This phenomenon is inherently tied to life in any society and manifests at all levels of social existence, in social phenomena such as role conflicts or social relationships. Moreover, it significantly impacts the issue of cultural and social integration. This study explores the theme of value conflict between Jews of the crossing and kibbutz residents during the 1950s, shortly after the establishment of the “Hebrew state” in occupied Palestine, where two distinct cultures met: the Eastern-oriented culture of Jews of the crossing and the Western-oriented culture of kibbutz dwellers. The novel Scapegoat by Jewish author Eli Amir reflects the challenges of adaptation and integration into kibbutz society, despite the protagonist Nuri’s considerable efforts to assimilate into this new community Ultimately, all his attempts end in failure.
Value conflict, cultural and social integration, The crossing, kibbutz residents, Scapegoat .
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د رعد حسن علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The guiding competencies required for educational counselors in the holy province of Karbala
The current study aimed to identify the degree to which educational counselors in the Holy Governorate of Karbala possess the guidance competencies that must be available to them. To achieve this goal, the study relied on the descriptive approach, by applying the guidance competencies questionnaire designed for this purpose, where the sample consisted of (80) educational counselors (44 Males and 36 females) were chosen from the original community of educational counselors, numbering (456) for the academic year (2023-2024), divided among secondary schools in the Holy Governorate of Karbala. The researcher used the statistical package (SPSS) to reach the results required in the research procedures, and reached The current research indicates that educational counselors possess a number of guidance competencies, as there are statistically significant differences in the counselors’ competencies according to the variables of service and gender, and there are also statistically significant differences in the guidance competencies according to the academic experience variable.
Guidance competencies, educational counselors
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م بلال تركي حسن الغانمي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effects of children's games on open-mindedness and mental development in primary schools in Wasit Governorate
Children's games are a basic means of entertainment and enjoyment and help them discover their talents, abilities, skills, self-realization, inclinations, desires and creativity. Children are the most important nerve of the future of Iraqi society, and organized play builds the child's personality to determine his future and develop his mental and intellectual abilities in facing the dangers of the future, The researcher selected a random sample of 24 primary school children in Wasit Governorate, using a descriptive analytical approach to study the impact of children's play on developing their cognitive abilities, intellectual openness, and rational thinking. The measuring tool consisted of a manual questionnaire that the researcher filled out directly after interviewing the child. It included 16 questions in two axes: the characteristics of the child and the type of children's toys. The researcher used the Siberman scale and appropriate statistical methods to analyze and interpret the questionnaire data after interviewing each child. The research showed that gender plays a role in determining the type of games children play, as they tend to play with their peers. Some of them play in the street and public places, and some at home and in designated halls depending on the economic, social and cultural level of the family. Most children sit for more than 8 hours a day playing. It was found that many games have a significant and effective impact on building a child's personality and developing their mind, and they create intellectual openness in them, such that they accept and communicate with others. The researcher recommended the importance of conducting further studies that address variables related to how to develop children's abilities and the use of games in schools.
Effects, children's games, open-minded thinking, mental development.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م. حسين مشاري محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Modeling Choropleth Maps of the Urban Heat Island in Erbil City Using Remote Sensing
Abstract: The aim of this study is to use the effective choropleth mapping method with the visual variable of color to represent thermal island data in Erbil city for the period of 1990 to 2023. Thermal island data were extracted using the Google Earth Engine platform, which provides land surface temperature (LST) data. Through this platform, LST data are subjected to a set of international standards to identify the prevailing thermal island pattern in the study area. The thermal island data were represented in several cartographic models as follows: (Model 1 used red, orange, and yellow), (Model 2 used red and its gradients), (Model 3 used red, yellow, and blue), and (Model 4 used black, gray, and blue). The results indicated that Model 1 was the most suitable for representing thermal island data in the study area, as the colors used in this model best simulate the phenomenon and the real-world conditions. The representation of these models relied on the Geographic Information System (GIS) software environment, specifically ArcGIS Pro.
Effective Choropleth Mapping Modeling, urban heat island maps, color variable
Copyright (c) 2025 سعد ثامر ابراهيم، أ.م.د. حمده حمودي شيت، أ.م.د. فائق حسن محيميد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Reforms of the government of Alfredo González Flores in Costa Rica (1914-1917)
The research studies the reforms of the government of Alfredo Gonzalez Flores in Costa Rica (1914-1917), which he carried out as a result of the effects of World War I (1914-1918), which had an impact on all political, economic, and social levels. It established the central government bank with the authority to issue currency. From that moment on, the state began to compete with private banks, and he is considered an authority on financial matters and a great introducer of dynamic democracy. He established agricultural credit boards, established public deposit depositories, the direct tax system, and the charity tax law. These reforms had serious consequences on the political, economic, and social situation of the country, as the upper classes affected by his reforms agreed to get rid of him. On January 27, 1917, the Minister of War and Navy, Federico Tinoco agreed with him to overthrow him, and in the end Alfredo did not resist the coup, but rather followed the advice of his other ministers who thought about his personal safety and left the country for the United States of America.
Copyright (c) 2025 غيهب حسين جبار، أ. د عباس فرحان طاهر https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Concept of Artistic Creativity in Modern Critical Approaches
Literary criticism is considered a stage that follows the creative process. It represents a moment of reflection and deep understanding of the text, contributing to the revelation of its meanings and intellectual and aesthetic dimensions. Criticism is an essential element in the continuity of the creative process, as it gives the literary work a new life through reading, interpretation, and judgment.Criticism flourished in the 4th century AH and the 20th century AD as a result of cultural openness and the expansion of translation movements. The flourishing of civil and political life also contributed to the development of criticism, due to its close connection with thought and knowledge, which made it present in cafés, newspapers, magazines, and educational institutions, thus becoming part of daily and cultural life.Modern Iraqi criticism has evolved and diversified in its methods, yet it has preserved its essence since Aristotle, based on the interpretation of emotions and ideas. The process of criticism goes through three main stages: interpretation to understand meaning, analysis to describe style, and evaluation to assess the text.Critics differ in their approaches; some follow the psychological approach, viewing literature as a mirror of the writer’s soul, while others adopt the social approach, linking literature to the environment and reality. There are also those who prefer the artistic approach, which focuses on the aesthetics of the text and its independence as an art form.The process of criticism requires deep knowledge of cultures, vocabulary, and the aesthetics of texts in order to deliver accurate judgment
Literary criticism, Development of literature, Creative texts, Style.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د. مصطفى نزار سعيد مجيد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Serbia, located in the Balkan Peninsula, was historically inhabited by a society composed predominantly of Slavic Christian Serbs and a Muslim minority, primarily of Turkish origin. During the period of Ottoman rule, Serbia suffered from significant backwardness, neglect, and internal divisions, particularly between the Christian and Muslim communities. The social fabric was largely agrarian, with most of the population engaged in farming and livestock breeding. Historical sources highlight that the Ottoman era in Serbia was marked by oppression, lack of freedom, and harsh governance. These conditions fostered a deep sense of unrest among the Serbian people, who awaited the right moment to revolt in defense of their religion, national identity, and property—especially following the weakening of the Ottoman Empire due to the Janissary rebellion and mounting international pressures from powers such as Russia and Austria. This unrest culminated in an uprising that began in early 1804 and lasted until the summer of 1813. The rebellion achieved notable victories against Ottoman forces, leading to the establishment of a degree of autonomy, the formation of a governing council with Russian support, and the capture of Belgrade and other territories. However, the revolution eventually faltered due to several converging factors, including Ottoman breaches of treaties, internal betrayal by some rebel leaders, and foreign interference driven by self-interest. Consequently, the uprising collapsed, and the Ottomans fully reasserted control over Serbia in 1813.
Ottomans - Serbs - Uprising - Rebels - Janissaries – Independence
Asst. Lect. Naseer Marah Mohammed Al-sultany
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م. نصير مراح محمد السلطاني https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Personality and its construction mechanisms in the poetry of Saad Hashem Al-Taie
Anyone who follows Arabic poetry in general and Iraqi poetry in particular sees the beauty of narrative stemming from linking reality on the one hand and feelings on the other. There is no doubt that the narration of events in poetry differs from their narration in other literary works, such as stories and novels. The poetic purpose and Values ​​and the merging of feelings and sensations all contribute to the beauty of narration and its differences in poetry. Among the narration techniques used in Saad Al-Taie’s poetic text are characters. His poetry included diverse and multiple characters, and he had his own way of presenting them and his mechanisms in pushing the recipient to reveal the structure of the character and the essence of the character. Its presence in the poetic text, and the research will trace the mechanisms of forming characters in Saad Al-Taie’s poetry, adopting the descriptive approach based on analysis by tracking and analyzing the characters to reach the appropriate results.
mechanisms, personality, structure, narrative, Saad Al-Taie.
Copyright (c) 2025 بيداء جواد جاسم، أ.م.د هديل علي كاظم https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Books between memory and oblivion Smooth (cemetery of forgotten books) Carlos Ruiz Zafón as a model
The narrative remained lush, extending to encompass all the stories of human beings since the beginning of creation and its first primitive narratives, to the present time when writers and creators compete to review their artistic capabilities in storytelling/narration, to provide artistic narratives that express their ability and professionalism in fiction writing in particular, including Zafón, who gave us his labyrinth, which exhausted all the techniques of narrative narrative in a pleasant, subtle manner, in which he harnessed technologies to be his means of manipulating the narrative threads and the frequency of events, to present many themes: the book, its function and its fate are the most prominent and important, so we traversed the maze of manifold and wrapped technologies to reach one of the important ideas put forward by Zafón in his unique series, books, and turned into a means of preservation and resistance to forgetting, and then its necessity for preservation and safety from the judgments issued by others against it, and this preservation turned into death and absence, so the book was a ship carrying the identity of its writer, and the identity of the adherents of its ideas, sailing between the waves of memory and oblivion, making it impossible for one of them.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د. وسن رحيم جبار https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Holy Places in the Holy Qur’an (Makkah as a Model)
This study examines the topic of sacred places in the Holy Quran, taking Mecca as a model for research and analysis. The study derives its significance by highlighting the special status that the Holy Quran bestows upon sacred places in general and Mecca in particular, along with the associated legislations and rulings that reflect their importance in the Islamic system. The research aims to explore and analyze how the Holy Quran addresses sacred places, specifically Mecca, through studying the Quranic verses related to it and addressing the epistemological, legislative, and civilizational dimensions of this sacred place, with the goal of reaching a deeper understanding of the relationship between sacred space and Islamic legislation. The research employed a descriptive-analytical methodology, through the induction and analysis of Quranic verses related to Mecca, while utilizing the deductive approach to extract the epistemological and value implications associated with sacred space. A comparative approach was also employed to highlight the uniqueness of Mecca among other sacred places. The research relied on diverse original sources including books of exegesis, hadith, jurisprudence, and history, alongside contemporary studies related to the research topic. The study concluded that: the Holy Quran establishes an integrated theory of "sacred geography" that transcends the purely devotional dimension of sacred places to establish a comprehensive civilizational model; there exists a dialectical relationship between sacred space and Islamic legislation, manifested in the specificity of rulings related to the Sacred Sanctuary (Haram), particularly the prohibition of hunting, which establishes the concept of "spatial coexistence" encompassing humans, animals, and plants; the Holy Quran presents a unique model in dealing with sacred space that goes beyond the traditional understanding of sacredness as merely geographical designation, to establishing the concept of "civilizational space" that reflects Islam's vision of the relationship between humans, place, and time; the establishment of the concept of "comprehensive security" in sacred space to include all beings, which establishes an advanced environmental model in dealing with sacred space, achieving environmental balance and protecting biodiversity; the study reveals the close relationship between sacred space and Islamic identity, through the Holy Quran's designation of the Kaaba as the direction of prayer for Muslims and a symbol of their unity and civilizational belonging.
Sacred Places - Holy Quran - Mecca - Kaaba - Geography of the Sacred
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د حبيب كاظم خضير الجبوري https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Semantic thought and its role in directing meaning in grave words in Islamic thought
This research deals with semantics and its role in directing meaning in Islamic thought، through tracing the words of the grave that were mentioned in the Holy Quran، and tracing their meaning and connotation and semantic thought in them and the difference between the situational meaning and the usage meaning and the reason for using each word over the other and researching these reasons that God Almighty placed in each verse، so the verses came in using the words of the grave in (the graves، bury him، his grave، the isthmus) The meaning of each of these words in the dictionary، then its technical meaning، then the reason for its use in each verse، that is، the places that led to its use and distinguishing each word from the others. This was mentioned by linguists and commentators regarding the meaning of each word of the grave and the reason for its use، and this is what prompted us to clarify the multiplicity of words for one meaning or one term in the Holy Quran in general، and for the words of the grave in particular.
semantic thought, grave words, Islamic thought
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م احمد هاشم جواد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The influence of Sharia law and religious tendencies on contemporary Iraqi ceramics
Religion and art meet in the reality of the soul. Both stem from a world of necessity, both a yearning for perfection, and both a revolution against the mechanism of life. Islamic art is not necessarily the art that speaks of Islam. It is not preaching and guidance, but rather the art that depicts existence from the perspective of the Islamic conception of this existence. It is the beautiful expression of the universe, life, and humanity through the Islamic conception of the universe, life, and humanity. It is the art that prepares for the complete encounter between beauty and truth. Beauty is the reality of this universe, and truth is the pinnacle of beauty. From here, they meet at the summit where all the realities of existence converge. Islamic art as a whole means all the efforts made by the Islamic world over at least ten centuries in expressing beauty and creating artistic objects. The Islamic peoples established a civilization that extended throughout their vast empire and spread its rays to many countries of the world. Islamic arts are one of the greatest aspects of that civilization. It is no wonder that the language of art satisfies the sense of beauty in man wherever it is found. Therefore, it was the only universal language that humanity was able to reach. It is the most widely spread of all the world’s arts, as its effects extend from the Bay of Bengal in India to Liberia. It is also the longest-lived of the world’s arts, with the exception of Chinese art. Islamic art was born in the seventh century AD (the first Hijri century) and reached its artistic prime in the third and fourteenth centuries (the seventh and eighth Hijri centuries). In addition to this and that, it was the last of the world’s arts to be present before the emergence of modern Western arts since the European Renaissance. Accordingly, this research came to emphasize the meanings of this art, which is imbued with the character of the divine Muhammadan message, with all its meanings and characteristics. To shed light on the general aspects that distinguish this research, the researcher's chapters begin with: Chapter One: This represents the methodological framework of the research, which begins with the research problem and determines its importance and need, then its objectives, its limits, its problem, and finally, a definition of terminology. Chapter Two: The first section: Islamic art between Sharia, origin, and characteristics. The second section: Characteristics of Islamic art. After completing the second chapter, the researcher worked on completing the results of the theoretical intellectual discussions and defining the research tools he used in the research procedures. The third chapter deals with applications. After completing the analysis of the samples, the researcher concludes the fourth chapter, which presents the results, the most important of which are: 1. Religious representations in contemporary Iraqi ceramics are diverse, based on the investment of the religious roots that influence the potter's culture and visual memory. Most ceramic models are represented by Islamic religious vocabulary. The conclusions, the most important of which are: 1. Given the importance this art has placed on decoration, and the classifications and ramifications that its compositional and abstract manifestations have led to, there is a description of the art of Islamic decoration in particular, along with recommendations and suggestions. Then follows a list of Arabic and foreign sources, a bibliography, and a summary in English.
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م. عبير مجيد عبد النبي صالح، م.م. ناصر الدين عباس محمد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Social Problems of Families of Autistic Children A Field Study in Mosul
The research aimed to identify the social problems facing families of autistic children in the city of Mosul through an applied study to demonstrate the family conditions and the nature of the suffering experienced by families with autistic children. The research relied on a social survey method with a sample size of (200) families whose children suffer from autism disorder. The survey was conducted intentionally through the researcher's visits to institutes and private institutions that train this group. The researcher relied on a questionnaire to obtain information through three axes covering the topic. The research relied on modern statistical methods through the use of the statistical package (SPSS). The research reached a set of results, the most important of which are: The results of the field study indicate that the majority of the research sample discovered their children's illness at the age of (3-4) years. Their number reached (101) of the total sample, recording a percentage of (50.5%). This means that the discovery was early, which helps in finding treatment and consulting doctors and training centers. The results of the field study indicate that paragraph (7) in the hierarchical sequence of the items on the psychological and social problems axis ranked first, with (166) "yes" answers, representing (83%) of the total, the highest percentage among the items on the axis. Its arithmetic mean was (3.11) with a standard deviation of (0.81). The results of the field study indicate that paragraph (1) in the hierarchical sequence of the items on the economic problems axis ranked first, with (144) "yes" answers, representing (72%) of the total, the highest percentage among the items on the axis. Its arithmetic mean was (3.16), with a standard deviation of (0.96), an average coefficient of variation of (46.06), and a high response rate of (80.50). The results of the field study indicate that paragraph (2) ranked first among the hierarchical sequence of paragraphs of the health problems axis, as the answers “yes” reached (160) answers to this paragraph, with a percentage of (80.0%), with an arithmetic mean of (2.74) degrees, a standard deviation of (0.97), a coefficient of variation of its degree of (44.59), and a very high response rate of(68.51).
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د نورا مجيد علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Geographical Distribution of Retired Population in Duhok Governorate for the Year 2024
Duhok Governorate is one of the main provinces in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, characterized by its demographic and social diversity. Retirees represent a significant segment of the community, and their number has been gradually increasing due to improved healthcare services and higher life expectancy. Retirement is an important stage in life, marking the transition into old age, typically starting at 63 years of age. However, this age has recently been reduced to 60, which has led to this group facing multiple challenges on economic and social fronts. From an economic perspective, the vast majority of retirees suffer from low pension levels compared to the increasing cost of living, which affects their ability to meet their basic needs. From a health perspective, many retirees struggle with chronic illnesses and age-related diseases. They also experience feelings of isolation, which impacts their mental health. Additionally, the lack of free or subsidized healthcare services poses a significant challenge, especially as their medical needs grow with age. This research aims to highlight the necessity of improving the conditions of retirees in Duhok. This requires both governmental and societal intervention, including enhancing the pension system, providing comprehensive healthcare services, and establishing social centers to encourage their engagement in community activities. Such measures can ensure a dignified life for this group, which has made significant contributions during their years of service.
Geographical Distribution, Population, Retirees, Duhok.
Copyright (c) 2025 م.م.ايات جبار فاضل عبد الله https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Demographic Analysis of the Median Age Index of the Iraqi Population (1987-2022)A Study in Population Geography
The study aims to analyze the median age index in Iraq based on population census data and estimates for the period (1987-2022). This indicator is important for demographic analysis of the population, understanding its age characteristics, and the implications of the youth or old age of society. A quantitative analytical approach was adopted, relying on specific statistical indicators, and determining the extent of its change during the period under study, using tables, figures, and maps documented for it. The study relied on statistics issued by the Central Statistical Organization in the Ministry of Planning / Republic of Iraq. The results showed a change in the median age, rising from (17.1) years in 1987 to (20.2) years in 2022. This represents a change from the youth stage to maturity in population societies, according to the criteria of the median age of the population.
: Demographic Analysis, Median Age, Population, Population Geography, Iraq
Copyright (c) 2025 أ.م.هدى داود نجم السعد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The spatial contrast of the deaths recorded in forensic medicine in the governorates of the Middle Euphrates
The study aims to identify the characteristics of the spatial contrast of the deaths registered in the provinces of the Euphrates Al -Awsat, and learn about their qualitative composition and reasons that led to The death certificate, the official data issued by the Ministry of Health for the the death and registered in forensic medicine years 2016, 2019, 2023 has been relied upon And the statistical analysis was also relied on using Pearson's association to clarify the relationship between deaths and their age installation and the diagnostic causes of death The study reached the high numbers of deaths recorded in forensic medicine, especially male compared to females, and the study also showed the causes of death, according to what was stated in the death certificate, and it showed a remarkable increase in the deceased of accidents with multiple patterns.
death, death certificate, accidents, diseases, Pearson's connection
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د سليمه جودي دحام الغنيماوي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Spatial Variation of Population in Al-Kut City’s NeighborhoodsUsing Quantitative Classification Methods
This research studies how the number of people living in the neighborhoods of Al-Kut city has changed over time. It compares the number and percentage of people in each neighborhood in the years 1997 and 2023. The study uses statistical analysis to measure the total increase in population and how it changed over the years It also uses a method called logarithmic transformation to divide the neighborhoods into three groups based on how many people live in them: high, medium, and low population density. The results show that the number of neighborhoods increased by about six between 1997 and 2023. Also, the number of neighborhoods with high population density grew from only 4 in 1997 to 16 in 2023. This means that more people are now living in a smaller number of neighborhoods, showing a clear population concentration
Population, Neighborhoods, Population Density, Population Growth, Logarithmic Transformation.
Copyright (c) 2025 م. د منى عبد الغني مجيد الكاظمي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The phenomenon of the Umayyad Caliphs seeking help from Muslim scholars in the artistic fields
The study dealt with the interest of the Umayyad Caliphs in the political, military, economic, social and technical aspects, with their contribution to developing the religious and scientific aspects, while sponsoring science and scholars, using their expertise in order to reach the best results to achieve political, administrative and social goals, while creating a state of immortality
assistance - Umayyad Caliphs - technical aspects
Prof. Dr. Mohammed Hussein Ali Al-Suwaiti
Copyright (c) 2025 نورة محمد غليس السراي، ا.د. محمد حسين علي السويطي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful This study explores an important aspect of Qur'anic exegesis in the work of Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (d. 911 AH), focusing on his book Al-Itqān fī Istinbāṭ al-Tanzīl. This unique work reflects al-Suyuti’s profound understanding of the Qur’an and his ability to derive legal and moral rulings from its verses. The research specifically investigates al-Suyuti’s preferences and methodological choices in his interpretive conclusions, shedding light on the foundations he relied upon in preferring certain views over others—whether linguistic, jurisprudential, or methodological. The importance of this research lies in its focus on an under-studied aspect of al-Suyuti’s exegetical approach: his use of tarjīḥ (preference) in al-Iklīl. Through this lens, the study offers a deeper understanding of interpretive methods in Islamic scholarship and highlights al-Suyuti’s comprehensive scholarly approach, which integrates multiple sources and disciplines. The study adopts an inductive-analytical methodology, collecting and classifying al-Suyuti’s preferences in al-Iklīl and analyzing the principles upon which they are based. It also compares his opinions with those of other exegetes, to assess the distinctiveness of his method. The findings show that al-Suyuti practiced independent scholarly judgment, using clear expressions of preference and demonstrating the courage to oppose mainstream interpretations when warranted by evidence. The research is structured around two main sections: the first discusses al-Suyuti’s life, scholarly status, and introduces the concept and terminology of tarjīḥ; the second examines his methodology through practical examples of his interpretive preferences in al-Iklīl. The study concludes with a summary of key findings and the primary sources used. Overall, this work aims to enrich Qur'anic studies and open new research avenues in the field of interpretive preference (tarjīḥ) by offering a methodical analysis of al-Suyuti’s contributions.
Al-Suyuti, preferences, Al-Iklil, interpretation
Copyright (c) 2025 م.د. مسلم زامل هادي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
All praise is due to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and may peace and blessings be upon the Master of the Messengers, Muhammad ibn Abdullah, and upon his pure family and chosen companions.Charity (ṣadaqah) is a term that encompasses all acts of righteousness and goodness within society. It is frequently mentioned in both the Quranic verses and noble Prophetic traditions, which reflects its significant role in establishing a sound and healthy society free from the afflictions that may harm it. Emphasizing the benefits and rewards of charity plays a role in encouraging believers who seek the blessings of both this world and the Hereafter.The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) highlighted the importance of charity in every human action. He said:"Every human being is created with three hundred and sixty joints. So whoever declares the greatness of Allah, praises Him, declares His oneness, glorifies Him, seeks His forgiveness, removes a stone, thorn, or bone from the path of people, enjoins good, or forbids evil, in accordance with the number of those joints, then he walks having saved himself from Hellfire." In this research, I discuss the concept of charity both linguistically and in Islamic terminology, its virtues, and how it differs from obligatory almsgiving (ṣadaqah). I also explore its role in spreading social solidarity and the importance of that role in strengthening the structure of Islamic society.
Copyright (c) 2025 م. د. زينب سمير علي https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The effectiveness of the oral storytelling strategy in improving imagination skills among third-grade intermediate students in the subject of the Holy Quran and Islamic education in Al-Anbar Governorate
The study sample included (58) students selected by the intentional method, and they were divided into two experimental groups consisting of (30) students studied using the oral storytelling strategy and a control group consisting of (28) students studied in the usual way, the study tool was an essay test to measure imagination skills consisting of (11) paragraphs, After the researcher had done the tribal and dimensional application of the study tool, the results revealed that there were significant differences at the level of (0.05=α) between the experimental and control groups in favour of the oral storytelling strategy and there were significant differences between the average students of the experimental group and the control group on imagination skills in favour of the experimental group .
oral storytelling, improving imagination skills, Third Intermediate
Copyright (c) 2025 م. م. زهير أَحمد عبدالله عبد https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The foreign policy of the United States of America towards Western Europe for the period 1945-1950
Abstract: One of the results of World War II was the emergence of America, which is one of the countries with economic and military capabilities, in other words, one of the countries with political, economic and military capabilities, at a time when some of the major powers in this aspect, including the United Kingdom, retreated, which forced the Americans to adopt a new global strategy that fits With the nature of the variables produced by the post-war phase due to the emergence of a competing international power, the communist bloc, which formed a competing bloc, while the United States of America led the capitalist bloc, and the two blocs sought to win the largest number of countries in their favor at the expense of the other, which was discussed in this Subject.
Copyright (c) 2022 Assist Prof. Dr. Bushra Sukkar Khayoon https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Educational Psychology and It's Role in Enhancing Sustainable Development in Iraq
This systematic review looks at the relationship between educational psychology and sustainable development in the context of Iraq's education system. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of psychological theories in promoting sustainability education, to examine the obstacles Iraq faces in incorporating sustainability into its curriculum, and to assess the significance of innovative teaching approaches in overcoming these challenges. A comprehensive search of relevant literature published between 2010 and 2024 yielded 107 publications. The findings suggest that psychological factors such as intrinsic motivation and cognitive learning theories play an important role in improving the effectiveness of sustainability education. Despite these benefits, major obstacles to sustainability education have been discovered, such as curriculum gaps, resource constraints, and cultural issues. Innovative teaching practices, such as project-based learning and technology integration, were identified as effective ways to engage students and overcome infrastructural constraints. The evaluation finishes by arguing for curriculum change in Iraq, emphasizing the need of professional development for educators, and promoting context-specific techniques to address the region's unique issues. These findings are intended to help policymakers and educators in Iraq and other regions trying to improve sustainability teaching in their schools and universities.
Educational psychology, sustainable development, Iraq , systematic review, learning, SDGs.
Copyright (c) 2025 م. سعد عباس عودة https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0