Appropriate climatic requirements for the development of olive cultivation in Wasit Governorate using modern geographical techniques

Abstract

    The Olea-Europaeal olive is the important fruit tree in the olive family, OleaCeae, which produces fruits that have nutritional and economic importance. The life of olive trees exceeds the age of other fruit trees. It may reach 1000 years. In some countries that are famous for olive cultivation, trees of 3000 years old were found. It is believed that its original habitat is the Mediterranean region, and from there it spread to other regions of the world, and olive cultivation is widespread at the present time in the northern hemisphere between 27˚-44˚ and in the southern hemisphere 15˚-44˚. Ancient studies indicate that the olive tree is not It is strange to the Iraqi environment, as it is one of the places in which this tree appeared and grew, and this is due to many factors, including the suitability of the natural environment and human care for it. In addition, the fruits of many of its varieties are used as table olives, and olives can be one of the important strategic crops in Iraq, due to the availability of all the economic, agricultural and environmental ingredients that help in establishing advanced olive cultivation. In recent years, many countries have been interested in cultivating and producing olives because of its Economic and commercial yields, as well as its nutritional importance and its use in several fields. This is in addition to "fulfilling the internal nutritional needs of the population in the producing countries. Olives are fruits whose trees grow in different types of soil. Its trees are considered among the distinctive trees in the Mediterranean climate region, and thus they bear the great variation in temperatures. Therefore, their cultivation is widespread in all governorates of Iraq." Approximately, and although its cultivation is more successful in areas where the temperatures are characterized by moderate 18˚C-38˚C, the success of its cultivation requires a decrease in the average temperature to less than 10C during the winter months, as well as other factors The natural cultivation of olive trees in Iraq is linked to cultural and economic factors, and the factor of providing inherited experience plays an "important" role in its cultivation.