تأثير العلاقات العراقية التركية على انخفاض مناسيب المياه وزيادة الهجرة في محافظة ذي قار

Action contre la faim. (2023). Iraq: an innovative irrigation system to mitigate the effects of water scarcity. https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/headline/an-innovative-irrigation-system-to-mitigate-the-effects-of-water-scarcity/

Action contre la faim. (2024, June 5). Climate crisis: the exodus of thousands of Iraqis - Action contre la Faim. https://www.actioncontrelafaim.org/en/headline/climate-crisis-the-exodus-of-thousands-of-iraqis/

Al-Ansari, N., Adamo, N., Hachem, A. H., Sissakian, V., Laue, J., Abed, S. A., Al-Ansari, N., Adamo, N., Hachem, A. H., Sissakian, V., Laue, J., & Abed, S. A. (2023a). Causes of Water Resources Scarcity in Iraq and Possible Solutions. Engineering, 15(9), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.4236/ENG.2023.159036

Al-Ansari, N., Adamo, N., Hachem, A. H., Sissakian, V., Laue, J., Abed, S. A., Al-Ansari, N., Adamo, N., Hachem, A. H., Sissakian, V., Laue, J., & Abed, S. A. (2023b). Causes of Water Resources Scarcity in Iraq and Possible Solutions. Engineering, 15(9), 467–496. https://doi.org/10.4236/ENG.2023.159036 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2023.159036

Al-Bayaa, A., & Mashhad, M. (2023). Water Scarcity and Environmental Peacebuilding: A lens southern Iraq. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ar&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Water+Scarcity+and+Environmental+Peacebuilding%3A+A+Lens+on+Southern+Iraq&btnG=

Aziz, R., & IOM. (2023, November 28). The Silent Enemy: How Climate Change is Wreaking Havoc in Iraq | IOM Storyteller. https://storyteller.iom.int/stories/silent-enemy-how-climate-change-wreaking-havoc-iraq

Barhoum, Laila, Nalbandian, & Elise. (2022). Unfarmed Now, Uninhabited When? Agriculture and Climate Change in Iraq. https://doi.org/10.21201/2022.8786

Chibani, A. (2023, May 30). Water Politics in the Tigris-Euphrates Basin. https://arabcenterdc.org/resource/water-politics-in-the-tigris-euphrates-basin/

Chris Perry. (2011). Issue Brief Environmental Migration: Policy Gaps and Response Strategies. www.csmonitor.com/2005/0801/p01s02-woaf.html

Commission for Western Asia, S. (2021). TECHNICAL REPORT Regional Initiative for the Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources and Socio-Economic Vulnerability in the Arab Region (RICCAR) Impact of climate change on shared water resources in the Euphrates basin. www.riccar.org

Dal Pra, A., Dempster, H., & Chazalnoël, M. T. (2021, December 14). How Can the UK Better Facilitate Environmental Migration? | Center For Global Development. https://www.cgdev.org/blog/how-can-uk-better-facilitate-environmental-migration

environmental migrant - European Commission. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 February 2025, from https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/networks/european-migration-network-emn/emn-asylum-and-migration-glossary/glossary/environmental-migrant_en

Erasmia, A., Maria, B., Danai, E., Marianna, K., Eirini, P., Vasileios, R., Thanos, S., Coralia, X., & Vera, Z. (n.d.). The Future of the Euphrates River. Retrieved 8 February 2025, from https://features.csis.org/the-future-of-the-Euphrates-River/

Ercan, A., & Mesopotamian, E. M. (n.d.). Water Shortage Crisis Escalating Between Turkey, Iraq and Syria – Save the Tigris Foundation. Retrieved 8 February 2025, from https://savethetigris.org/water-shortage-crisis-escalating-between-turkey-iraq-and-syria/

Ethaib, S., Zubaidi, S. L., & Al-Ansari, N. (2022). Evaluation water scarcity based on GIS estimation and climate-change effects: A case study of Thi-Qar Governorate, Iraq. Cogent Engineering, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2075301 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2022.2075301

EUAA. (2022). Thi-Qar/Dhi Qar | European Union Agency for Asylum. https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-iraq-2022/thi-qardhi-qar

FAO. (2009). Transboundary River Basin Overview-Euphrates-Tigris. www.fao.org/

Guiu, R. (2018). WHEN CANALS RUN DRY. www.internal-displacement.org

Guiu, R. (2020). WHEN CANALS RUN DRY. www.internal-displacement.org

Hall, N., & Harper, C. (2023). Local to Global: Tensions Course through Iraq’s Waterways.

Hockenos, P. (2019, October 3). Turkey’s Dam-Building Spree Continues, At Steep Ecological Cost - Yale E360. https://e360.yale.edu/features/turkeys-dam-building-spree-continues-at-steep-ecological-cost

Hoffmann, R., Muttarak, R., Crespo Cuaresma, J., & Peisker, J. (2020). A meta-analysis of country-level studies on environmental change and migration. Nature Climate Change, 10(10), 904–912. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41558-020-0898-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0898-6

IOM. (2017). Environmental Migration.

IOM. (2021). Climate-Induced Displacement Southern Iraq DISPLACED FAMILIES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN GOVERNORATES.

IOM. (2022a). MIGRATION, ENVIRONMENT, AND CLIMATE CHANGE IN IRAQ.

IOM. (2022b). Water Crisis in Focus: Streams Run Dry in Southern Iraq. https://mena.iom.int/stories/water-crisis-focus-streams-run-dry-southern-iraq

IOM. (2023a). Climate-Induced Displacement-Southern Iraq DISPLACED FAMILIES IN CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN GOVERNORATES.

IOM. (2023b). Implementing Global Policies on Environmental Migration and | Environmental Migration Portal. https://environmentalmigration.iom.int/implementing-global-policies-environmental-migration-and-disaster-displacement-west-africa

IOM. (2024). INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION FROM CLIMATE-AFFECTED AREAS IN IRAQ: EXPLORING THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON MOBILITY PATTERNS. https://dtm.iom.int/terms-and-conditions.

IOM. (2025). Home | Global Crisis Response Platform. https://crisisresponse.iom.int/

IOM Institutional Strategy on Migration, Environment and Climate Change 2021–2030 | Migration for development. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 February 2025, from https://migration4development.org/en/resources/iom-institutional-strategy-migration-environment-and-climate-change-2021-2030

Irbık, D. E. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review of Water-Migration-Gender Nexus Toward Integrated Governance Strategies for (Non) Migrants. Frontiers in Water, 4, 921459. https://doi.org/10.3389/FRWA.2022.921459/BIBTEX DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2022.921459

Kamel, A. H., Sulaiman, S. O., & Sulaiby Mustaffa, A. (2013). Study of the effects of water level depression in Euphrates River on the water quality‏. Davidpublisher.Com‏AH Kamel, SO Sulaiman, AS Mustaffa‏Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 2013‏•davidpublisher.Com‏, 7(2), 238–247. http://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/555309bcbd786.pdf DOI: https://doi.org/10.17265/1934-7359/2013.02.013

Kareem, N. (2023, April 2). The Land Between Two Rivers: Iraq’s Water Crisis And Tensions With Turkey - The Yale Review Of International Studies. https://yris.yira.org/middle-east/the-land-between-two-rivers-iraqs-water-crisis-and-tensions-with-turkey/

KHRP, C., & Campaign, I. D. (2002). Downstream Impacts of Turkish Dam Construction on Syria and Iraq: Joint Report of Fact-Finding Mission to Syria and Iraq.

Law No. 14. (1990). Law No. 14 of 1990, ratifying the Joint Minutes concernin... - الباحث العلمي من Google. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=ar&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Law+No.+14+of+1990%2C+ratifying+the+Joint+Minutes+concerning+the+provisional+division+of+the++waters+of+the+Euphrates+River.&btnG=

Lee, J. (2023, August 31). Iraq and Turkey Discuss Solutions to Water Scarcity | Iraq Business News. https://www.iraq-businessnews.com/2023/08/31/iraq-and-turkey-discuss-solutions-to-water-scarcity/

Linder, K. (2019, September 5). Solving the Water Crisis in Iraq - The Borgen Project. https://borgenproject.org/solving-the-water-crisis-in-iraq/

Maciej Serda, Becker, F. G., Cleary, M., Team, R. M., Holtermann, H., The, D., Agenda, N., Science, P., Sk, S. K., Hinnebusch, R., Hinnebusch A, R., Rabinovich, I., Olmert, Y., Uld, D. Q. G. L. Q., Ri, W. K. H. U., Lq, V., Frxqwu, W. K. H., Zklfk, E., Edvhg, L. V, … فاطمی, ح. (2023). The perils of modernization: the uncertain benefits of the Turkish GAP project and downstream Iraqi farmland. Uniwersytet Śląski, 7(1), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.2/JQUERY.MIN.JS

Medya News. (2023). Iraq facing severe droughts as Turkey cuts off rivers Tigris, Euphrates. https://medyanews.net/iraq-facing-severe-droughts-as-turkey-cuts-off-rivers-tigris-euphrates/

Morrissey, J. (2009). Environmental Change and Forced Migration. Refugee Studies Centre. https://www.rsc.ox.ac.uk/files/files-1/dp-environmental-change-forced-migration-2009.pdf

NCR. (2021). Iraq’s drought crisis and the damaging effects on communities. https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/iraqs-drought-crisis/iraqs-drought-crisis-and-the-damaging-effects-on-communities.pdf

NCR. (2022, October 24). Iraq: Drought crisis destroys income and crops countrywide | NRC. https://www.nrc.no/news/2022/october/iraq-drought-crisis-destroys-income-and-crops-country-wide

NRC. (2022, October). A dry horizon: Iraq’s interlinked drought and climate crises. https://www.nrc.no/globalassets/pdf/reports/a-dry-horizon/a-dry-horizon-2022.pdf

NRC. (2023). Inadequate and inequitable: water scarcity and displacement in Iraq.

Organization for Migration, I. (2020). WATER QUANTITY AND WATER QUALITY IN CENTRAL AND SOUTH IRAQ: A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT IN THE CONTEXT OF DISPLACEMENT RISK IOM IRAQ.

people in need. (2023). Iraq: A Gender and Inclusive Climate-Migration Study: Salah al-Din Governorate (July - August 2022) - Iraq | ReliefWeb. https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/iraq-gender-and-inclusive-climate-migration-study-salah-al-din-governorate-july-august-2022

PIN. (2023). Water scarcity in Iraq: Urgent action needed for sustainable and equitable access to clean water on World Water Day - Iraq. https://reliefweb.int/report/iraq/water-scarcity-iraq-urgent-action-needed-sustainable-and-equitable-access-clean-water-world-water-day

Reinink-Smith, L. M., & Carter, R. (2022). Late Holocene development of Bubiyan Island, Kuwait. Quaternary Research, 109, 16-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2022.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/qua.2022.3

Republic of Turkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Water: A source of conflict of coopeariton in the Middle East? A SCRAMBLE FOR WATER RESOURCES IS UNDER WAY IN THE MIDDLE EAST.

Rudaw English on X. (2024, April 22). News Post at Rudaw English on X. https://x.com/RudawEnglish/status/1782456834164482508?mx=2

Safra de Campos, R., Codjoe, S. N. A., Adger, W. N., Mortreux, C., Hazra, S., Siddiqui, T., Das, S., Atiglo, D. Y., Bhuiyan, M. R. A., Rocky, M. H., & Abu, M. (2020). Where People Live and Move in Deltas. Deltas in the Anthropocene, 153-177. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23517-8_7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23517-8_7

Simavorian, A. (2024). Turkey–Iraq. Will the Water Conflict Be Over?‏. 2024‏. https://hal.science/hal-04621153/

Singh, A. (2023, October 19). Tigris–Euphrates basin states must come together to address water crisis | The Strategist. https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/tigris-euphrates-basin-states-must-come-together-to-address-its-water-crisis/

Skelton, M., Saleem, Z., Rabeil, K., & Yassin, M. (2024). Iraq’s Water Crisis: Climate Adaptation in Conflict Settings.

Tikkanen, A. (n.d.). Ataturk Dam | Hydroelectricity, Euphrates River, Irrigation | Britannica. Retrieved 8 February 2025, from https://www.britannica.com/topic/Ataturk-Dam

UN. (2022, January 3). Water’s role in global migration | UN-Water. https://www.unwater.org/news/water%E2%80%99s-role-global-migration

UNDP. (2023, March 26). UNDP Supports Iraq’s Water Sector | United Nations Development Programme. https://www.undp.org/iraq/stories/undp-supports-iraqs-water-sector

UNICEF. (2019). Multi-Tiered Approaches to Solving the Water Crisis in Basra, Iraq | UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/documents/multi-tiered-approaches-solving-water-crisis-basra-iraq

USAID. (2024, November 26). الوكالة الأمريكية للتنمية الدولية تخصص استثمارًا بقيمة تصل إلى 20 مليون دولار بالشراكة مع اليونيسف لمواجهة شح المياه وتحسين خدمات المياه والصرف الصحي في العراق | الأمم المتحدة في العراق. https://iraq.un.org/ar/284427-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B5%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8B%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%84-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-20-%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%B9

Water for security: Iraq-Turkey deal revealed. (n.d.). Retrieved 8 February 2025, from https://www.newarab.com/news/water-security-iraq-turkey-deal-revealed

Water peace and security. (2023). Water, Peace and Security Understanding the Pathway from Water Insecurity to Urban Migration in Southern Iraq Understanding the Pathway from Water Insecurity to Urban Migration in Southern Iraq.

Water shortages threaten the residents of Muthanna and prompting their migration » IRAQI OBSERVATORY FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. (n.d.). Retrieved 10 February 2025, from https://iohriq.org/140-.html

World Bank Group. (2021a, August 23). Going With The Flow: Water’s Role in Global Migration. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/08/23/going-with-the-flow-water-s-role-in-global-migration

World Bank Group. (2021b, August 23). Lack of Water Linked to 10 Percent of the Rise in Global Migration. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/08/23/lack-of-water-linked-to-10-percent-of-the-rise-in-global-migration

World Bank Group. (2023, Autumn 8). Ebb and Flow: Water, Migration, and Development. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/ebb-and-flow-water-migration-and-development

Wrathall, D. J., Van, J., Hoek, D., Walters, A., & Devenish, A. (2018a). Water stress and human migration: a global, georeferenced review of empirical research FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. www.fao.org/publications

Wrathall, D. J., Van, J., Hoek, D., Walters, A., & Devenish, A. (2018b). Water stress and human migration: a global, georeferenced review of empirical research FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS. www.fao.org/publications

Xu, L., & Famiglietti, J. S. (2023). Global patterns of water-driven human migration. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.1002/WAT2.1647 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1647