Strategies of Rejection in "One Thousand and One Nights": A Pragmatic Historical Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/eduj.Vol56.Iss1.3924Keywords:
Refusal Strategies; Trading Competencies; Etiquette; One Thousand and One NightsAbstract
One of the most important trading competencies in any language is the ability to preserve people's dignity and the positive social value they claim effectively for themselves. However, this social value can sometimes be at risk for various reasons, including rejection of their request or invitation, or due to their beliefs. There are various strategies used for refusal, some direct and others indirect. This study attempted to uncover refusal strategies in the book "One Thousand and One Nights". The results of this descriptive-analytical study, based on Beebe's theory (1999), indicate that among the various refusal strategies, the "stating the reason for refusal" strategy occupies the first position, followed by the strategies of "stating philosophy" and "stating principle," which indicate the extent of people's concern with social and religious customs.
Regarding the extent of using refusal strategies depending on the speaker's status, it should be noted that those in a higher status varied in employing strategies, while it was different for those in a lower status. Among the most common strategies across different groups are "stating the reason" and "stating philosophy" strategies.
Downloads
References
Abdel-Jawad HR. (2000). A linguistic and sociopragmatic and cultural study of swearing in Arabic. Language, Culture and Curriculum. 13 (2): 217-240.
Alkhawaldeh, A., Huneety, A., Mashaqba, B., & Al-Khawaldeh, N. (2023). Refusing Invitations: A Contrastive Pragmatic Study of Jordanian Arabic and Castilian Spanish. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 50(5), 72-86.
Al-Mahrooqi, R., & Al-Aghbari, K. (2016). Refusal strategies among Omani EFL students. Sage Open, 6(4), 2158244016672907.
Alsmari, N. A. (2024). The Pragmatics of Refusal: A Study of Parent-Daughter Communication Dynamics in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies, 24(1), 225-246.
Al-Zubeiry, H. Y. A., & Alzahrani, M. A. M. (2024). Variation in Dispreferred Responses among Rural and Urban Saudi Arabic Speakers: A Socio-pragmatic Analysis. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 11(1), 229-248.
Beebe, L. M.; Takahashi, T. and Uliss – Weltz, R. (1990). Pragmatic Transfer in ESL Refusals. In R.
Benbouya, A., & Rabab’ah, G. (2022). Refusal strategies used in Algerian spoken Arabic in response to offers. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 12(4), 715-725.
Chen, Y., and Zhang, Y. (1995). Refusing in Chinese. In Kasper, G. (Ed.), Pragmatics of Chinese as native and target language. (pp. 119-163). Manoa: University of Hawaii.
Eshreteh, M. K. (2015). Intercultural Pragmatics Revisited: refusal strategies and politeness. Research Journal of English and Literature, 3(1), 180-192.
Ghazanfari, M., Bonyadi, A., & Malekzadeh, S. (2013). Investigating cross-linguistic differences in refusal speech act among native Persian and English speakers. International Journal of Research Studies in Language Learning, 2(4), 49-63.
Goffman, E. (1955) On facework: an analysis of ritual elements in social interaction. Psychiatry: Journal for the Study of Interpersonal Processes 18: 213–231.
Humeny, C. (2013). A Qualitative Investigation of a Guilt Trip. Institute of Cognitive Science Spring.
Huneety, A., Mashaqba, B., Qandeel, A., Alshdaifat, A., & Rababah, L. (2024). Refusal Strategies by Ammani Arabic Monolingual and English-Arabic Bilingual Speakers. International Journal of Society, Culture & Language, 1-16.
Izadi, A., & Zilaie, F. (2015). Refusal strategies in P ersian. International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 25(2), 246-264.
Johnston, B., Kasper, G., & Ross, S. (1998). Effect of rejoinders in production questionnaires. Applied linguistics, 19(2), 157-182.
Jucker, A. H. (2015). Pragmatics of fiction: Literary uses of uh and um. Journal of Pragmatics, 86, 63-67.
Martínez Flor, A., & Usó Juan, E. (2011). Research methodologies in pragmatics: Eliciting refusals to requests. ELIA, 11, 47-87.
Ogiermann, E. (2018). Discourse completion tasks. Methods in pragmatics, 10, 229-255.
Price, G. (1990). Non-rational guilt in victims, Dissociation, 3, 160-164.
Sadler, R. W., & Eröz, B. (2002). " I REFUSE YOU!" AN EXAMINATION OF ENGLISH REFUSALS BY NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH, LAO, AND TURKISH. Journal of Second Language Acquisition and Teaching, 9, 53-80.
Sattar, H. Q. A., Lah, S. C., & Suleiman, R. R. R. (2011). Refusal strategies in English by Malay University students. GEMA: Online Journal of Language Studies, 11(3), 69-81.
Sweeney, E., & Hua, Z. (2015). Discourse completion tasks. Research methods in intercultural communication: A practical guide, 212-222.
Wazzan, A. M. (1993). The Arabian Nights in Western Literature: A Discourse Analysis. Islamic Studies, 32(1), 61-71.
Yule, G. (1996). Pragmatics. Oxford university press.
ـ الخليفة، عماد میري کاظم. (2022). أنماط الخطاب في کتاب ألف لیلة ولیلة: دراسة تداولية سیاقية في ضوء نظرية براون ولیفینسون. رسالة الماجستیر، جامعة قم.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 سعد سوادي عايز، أ.د.مهدی مقدسي نیا، أ.د. حسین تکتبار فیروزجائي
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
