geomorphology karst of Mama Kula Mountain in Rania District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/eduj.Vol62.Iss1.5123Keywords:
Geomorphology, Mountain, Mama KolaAbstract
The study dealt with the karst phenomena of Mama Kula Mountain in Raniya District, which is administratively affiliated to Sulaymaniyah Governorate. It has an area of (31) km2, and has diverse natural characteristics that have a prominent impact in shaping karst phenomena. The most important of these karst phenomena are (caves, springs, karst pits, caverns, beehives, limestone striations, and dissolution sinkholes) that are located within elevations ranging between (511-1629 m) above sea level. The study clarified the risks of karst on human activity in the study area. This research can be considered a simple contribution to the field of knowledge in the field of geomorphology, in addition to the importance of karst phenomena for tourism and construction in Raniya District. The study relied on field visits to the study area and topographic maps to determine the location of each karst phenomenon and measure its height, in addition to conducting interviews with residents of the study area to obtain information, and using scientific library sources on karst geomorphology. The results of the research proved that the formations Rocky terrain has a significant impact on the formation of karst phenomena, represented by limestone rocks (calcium carbonate) and gypsum rocks (calcium sulfate), which are characterized by their exposure to dissolution and decomposition, and their high porosity, which makes them vulnerable to weathering and rapid collapses. In addition, the purity of limestone affects the dissolution process, while the low purity rate and the increase of impurities reduce the dissolution process, and this is an inverse relationship. In addition, the study showed that there is a relationship between the distribution of karst phenomena and the natural characteristics of the study area.
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