The House of Lords Legislative Council of the British Parliament
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/eduj.Vol2.Iss47.3074Keywords:
مجلس اللوردات, برلمان, ملك, مجلس العموم, بريطانياAbstract
The House of Lords represents the first building block in the structure of the British Parliament and the oldest to be formed. It is the House that fought a bitter struggle against the institution of the throne to wrest power from it and from the king’s supremacy. It is considered the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, and the numerical ceiling of its members is open, and the quorum of the Council becomes legal if three members or more are present. The House of Lords has three types of members. All of its members are appointed by the government and the crown, and are not elected by the common people, unlike members of the House of Commons, which are democratically elected at least every five years. The importance of the House of Lords at the present time is much less than the House of Commons, as it does not have any authority or influence on the formation of the government, and it does not have the right to prevent the issuance of financial bills, i.e. laws related to revenues or expenditures, as its power over bills is limited.
Downloads
References
(1) Henry Elliot Maldon, M. A, Magna Carta Commemoration, Royal Historical Society, London, 1917.
(2) F. G. Wright , British Constitution and Government, London, 1967.
(3) Abbot Gasquet, Henry the third and the Church, A study of his Ecclesiastical Policy and of the Relations Between England and Rome, London, 1970.
(4) Edward Jenks, M. A., B. C. L., A short History of English Law, London, 1920.
(5) Ferdinand Mount, the British Constitution, London, 1993.
(6) Caroline Hantun, Day Parliament BuRwED Down, publisher; Oxford University press, London, 2012.
(7) https://www.britannica.com/topic/Encyclopaedia-Britannica .
(8) www.publications.parliament.com.
(9) www. Parliament.uk.com.
(10) Kelly Richard & Pond Chris, The Parliament Acts, House of Commons, Library, Standard Note; SN/PC/675,10 September, 2004.
(11) www.official.documents.com.
(12) ) http://www.hrdiscussion.com
(13) Wilson Geoffrey, Cases and Materials on Constitutional and Administrative Law, Cambridge University Press, London, 1976.
(14) Yardley, D. C. M. Introduction to British Constitutional Law, Butterworth's, Sixth Edition, London, 1984.
(15) http://www.hrdiscussion.com
(16) https;//en.m.wikipedia.org
(17) The House of Lords; The Report of the Conservative Review Committee, 1978.
(18) Labor Party, Renewing Democracy, Rebuilding Communities, 1995.
(19) Donald Shell, the House of Lords, in David Judge ed., the Politics of Parliamentary, Reform,1983.
(20) Nicholas Baldwin, Membership of the House in Donald Shell a David Beamish eds., the House of Lords at Work,1993.
(21) Lord Weatherill, House of Shards, the Guardian, 29 December, 1995.
(22) Bond M. f, La Reyne le Veult, The making and Keeping of Acts at Westminster, Reprinted from History Today, Vol. VI, London, 1956.
(23) Bromhead , Peter, Britain's Developing Constitution,; George Allen a Unwin Ltd., First Published, in London, 1974.
(24) Kingdom, John, Government and Politics in Britain, Polity Press, First a Third Editions Cambridge, 1991.
(25) Hybrid Bills, House of Commons information Office, Legislation Series, London, 2005.
(26) Laski Harold J, Parliamentary Government in England "A Commentary", Georg Allen a Unwind Ltd., Fourth impression, London, 1950.
(27) Stephen Castle, Lords face Tory reform to thwart Labor, independent on Sunday, 10 December1996.
(28) M.A. J. Wheeler, Booth, the Attempted Reform of the House of Lords, the Table, London. 1969.
(29) https;//en.m.wikipedia.org
(30) Alice Thompson, Ministers urged to pre-empt Labor reform of the Lords, the Times, 6 October,1995.
(31) Janet Morgan, The House of Lords and the Labor Government, London 1975.
(32) Attlee, Clement, 1st Earl Attlee of Waltham stow, Copyright©1994-2000 Encyclopaedia Britannica 2004 Deluxe Edition.
(33) Andre Mathiot, The British Political System, California, 1958.
(34) Hayes, C. J., A Political and cultural History of Modern Europe, New York, The Macmillan Company, 1939, Vol. II.
(35) D. E. Butler, The Electoral system in Britain since 1918, oxford, 1963.
(36) http://www.hrdiscussion.com
(37) https;//en.m.wikipedia.or
(38) ربيع حيدر طاهر الموسوي، تطور البرلمان البريطاني1911-1949، أطروحة دكتوراه، كلية الآداب – جامعة بغداد، 2007.
(39) سيدني بايلي، الديمقراطية البرلمانية الانكليزية، ترجمة: فاروق يوسف احمد، القاهرة، 1970.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Prof. Dr. Talib M. Hassan Al-Waily
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
