الفلسفة الماهانية، وأثرها في السياسة الخارجية للولايات المتحدة الأمريكية (1840-1914

( ) James C. Bradford, International Encyclopedia of Military History, Routledge, New York, 2006, P. 803.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Irish American, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, 2015, P. 124.

( ) James C. Bradford, Op. Cit., P. 803.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Irish American, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, 2015, P. 124.

( ) Mostafa Rejai, and Kay Phillips, World Military Leaders: A Collective and Comparative Analysis, 1st. Published, Praeger Publishers, Westport, Connecticut, 1996, P. 51.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Irish American, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, 2015, P. 124.

( ) Mostafa Rejai, and Kay Phillips, World Military Leaders: A Collective and Comparative Analysis, 1st. Published, Praeger Publishers, Westport, Connecticut, 1996, P. 52.

( ) Alfred Thayer Mahan, with New Introduction by Francis P. Sempa, The Problem of Asia: Its Effect upon International Politics, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, U.S.A., 2003, P. 3.

( ) James C. Bradford, International Encyclopedia of Military History, Routledge, New York, 2006, P. 803.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East, Vol. 1: ca. 3000 ACE-1499 CE, ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, California, 2010, P. 1285.

( ) James C. Bradford, International Encyclopedia of Military History, Routledge, New York, 2006, P. 803.

( ) Ibid., P. 803.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Alfred Thayer Mahan, Op. Cit., P. 1.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Carrying the War to the Enemy: American Operational Art to 1945, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 2011, P. 124.

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Political Geography: the Specialty of Politics, 3d. Edition, Tata McGrawHill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, India, 2000, P. 185.

( ) Zhiguo Kong, the Making of a Maritime Power: China's Challenges and Policy Responses, Translated by, Jin Bao, Springer, Gateway East, Singapore, 2017, P. 70.

( ) Alfred Thayer Mahan, Op. Cit., P. 3.

( ) المعني بها الثورة الصناعية الثانية، التي إنطلقت في الولايات المتحدة خلال المدة (1870-1914)، والتي ساعد على قيامها، تطور قطاع النقل، ومد سكك الحديد، لاسيما سكة حديد المحيط الهادئ، التي إنتهى العمل بها عام 1869، والتي ساعدت على التبادل السريع للمنتجات والأفكار، مما أوقد شرارة التغيير في السياسة الداخلية والخارجية، ومارافق ذلك من تغيرات إجتماعية ثقافية. ينظر:

Melissa Young, Cliffsnotes, AP U.S History Cram Plan, Houghton Mifflin Hacourt, New York, 2019, P. 220-222.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 123.

( ) James C. Bradford, Op. Cit., P. 803.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Op. Cit, P. 124.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, American Exceptionalisms: From Winthrop to Winfrey, State University of New York, Press, Albany, New York, 2011,, P. 135.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 123.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Steve Micallef, Militarisation in East Asia: Considerations from the Works of Thucydides and Alfred Mahan, Anchor Academis Publishing, Hamburg, Germany, 2017, P. 11.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Op. Cit., P. 185.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 124.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136.

( ) Ibid, P. 136.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 124.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Op. Cit., P. 185.

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P. 13.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136.

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P. 11.

( ) Ibid, P.13.

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Op. Cit., P. 185.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136.

( ) Alex Roland, and Others, the Way of the Ship: America's Maritime History Reenvisioned 1600-2000, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2008, P. 256-257.

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P. 11.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) William T. Tow, and Douglas Stuart, Op. Cit., P.130.

( ) James C. Bradford, Op. Cit., P. 803.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 123.

( ) James C. Bradford, Op. Cit., P. 803.

( ) Steve Micallef, Militarization in East Asia: Considerations from the Works of Thucydides and Alfred Mahan, Anchor Academic Publishing, Hamburg, Germany, 2017, P. 10-11.

( ) Alex Roland, and Others, Op. Cit., P.256.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Alex Roland, and Others, Op. Cit., P.255.

( ) Allan Westcott, Mahan on Naval Warfare: Selection from the Writings of Alfred T. Mahan, 1st. Published, Dover Publication, Inc., Mineola, New York, 1999, P. XVII.

( ) Alex Roland, and Others, Op. Cit., P.255.

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Op. Cit., P. 185.

( ) Louis Morton, United States Army in the World War II: The War in the Pacific, Strategy and Command: The First Two Years, Center of Military History of the United States Army, Washington, D.C., 2000, P. 21.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit. P. 136.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Op. Cit., P. 124.

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P.10.

( ) Ramesh Dutta Dikshit, Op. Cit., P. 185.

( ) Spencer C. Tucker, Op. Cit., P. 1285.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P.125. .

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P. 10.

( ) William E. Watson, and Eugene J. Halus, Jr., Op. Cit., P. 124.

( ) Sylvia Soderlind, and James Taylor Carson, Op. Cit., P. 136.

( ) Ibid, P. 135-136.

( ) Ibid. P. 135.

( ) Harry Franqui-Rivera, Soldiers of the Nation: Military Service and Modern Puerto Ricn, 1868-1952, University o Nebraska Press, Lincoln, Nebraska, 2018, P.229-230.

( ) Michael R. Matheny, Op. Cit., P. 124.

( ) Steve Micallef, Op. Cit., P.11.