The Strategic Importance of Iraq’s Location According to Global Geopolitical Theories

Abstract

Iraq’s geographical location has been one of the most prominent factors granting it advanced strategic importance throughout the ages, due to its position at the heart of the ancient world and its connection to vital commercial, economic, and political axes. This research analyzes the strategic significance of Iraq based on global geopolitical theories such as the Heartland Theory (Halford Mackinder), the Sea Power Theory (Alfred Mahan), and other relevant theories. The study also explores how these theories explain the regional and international competition over Iraq and illustrates how its geographic position has historically attracted major global powers, continuing into the modern era. Furthermore, the research highlights Iraq’s role as a crossroads between East and West, a central hub for trade and energy transit routes, and a key player in shaping regional balances. The study concludes that, despite existing challenges, Iraq possesses geopolitical advantages that, if effectively utilized, can enable it to play a pivotal role in shaping both regional and international systems