Human Rights Violations in the Buyid State: The Abbasid Caliphs as a Case Study (334–447 AH / 945–1055 CE)

Abstract

    This research examines human rights violations during the Buyid period, taking the Abbasid caliphs as a case study, at a time when the Abbasid Caliphate was subjected to Buyid political and military dominance. The study highlights the imbalance between the actual authority exercised by the Buyids and the symbolic legitimacy of the Abbasid caliphs, which resulted in various political and human rights violations. These violations included restricting the caliphs’ powers, interfering in state affairs, enforcing forced appointments and dismissals, and undermining the caliphs’ dignity and political status.

       The research also discusses the concept of human rights in Islamic thought and compares its theoretical principles with their practical application during the Buyid era It demonstrates the impact of these violations on weakening the institution of the caliphate and destabilizing the political and social order of the Abbasid state The study adopts a historical-analytical approach, relying on classical historical sources to provide a critical and human-rights-based reading of this significant period