Climate Change Impacts on Cultural Heritage in Iraq

Abstract

Climate change is an escalating global concern that has a significant influence on cultural heritage, particularly in places with a long history, like Iraq. This study uses a systematic review technique guided by the PRISMA framework to examine the effects of climate change on Iraq's cultural heritage. A thorough search of three major academic databases—Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar—returned an initial dataset of 1,260 studies. Following the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 178 studies were identified as relevant for full-text evaluation, with 62 studies included in the final synthesis. The analysis focuses on significant climate-related concerns such as erosion, flooding, and desertification, which threaten archaeological sites, historic structures, and intangible cultural practices. Furthermore, the report reveals limited research on mitigation and adaptation strategies, emphasizing the crucial need for interdisciplinary methods and policy integration. This report conducts an evidence-based evaluation of existing research, identifies knowledge gaps, and gives recommendations for protecting Iraq's cultural heritage in light of climate change. By tackling these essential issues, the research aims to impact conservation strategies and promote worldwide cooperation.