النهج الجديد (1933-1938) للرئيس الأمريكي فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31185/eduj.Vol1.Iss31.645Abstract
After the devastating economic crisis known as the Great Depression (1929-1939), which hit the United States' economy, and spread its effects all over the world, the new president (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) took office in 1932 with a reform campaign that lasted for the period (1933-1938) that called "The New Deal", which he promoted during his electoral campaign for that year.
The campaign initiated with two specialized programs set to cover various economic and social sectors. First package of programs the so-called (First New Deal), which was passed during the period (1933-1934); its programs and legislations were focused on immediate and temporary relief projects in order to stop the rapid repercussions of the economic crisis by stopping the collapse of stock market and the value of currency to reduce the number of unemployed, even if temporarily. While the (Second New Deal) during the period (1935-1938) that lasted until the end of the economic recession (1937-1938) and the emergence of the signs of the Second World War. The focus of the Second package of reforms were generally put to move from relief to economic recovery by a long-term, deeper and more lasting treatments and building a more robust and effective economic structure.
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* اشير إلى يوم (29/تشرين الأول/1929) ، بـ (الثلاثاء الأسود) ، لأنه اليوم الذي شهد إنهيار سوق الأسهم في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، تلاها إنهيار الإقتصاد الأمريكي، أو ما اصطلح عليه (الكساد الكبير). ينظر:
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ولد (فرانكلين ديلانو روزيفيلت) في هاي بارك (Hyde Park) بنيويورك، في كانون الثاني من عام (1882)، لعائلة غنية من اصول إنكليزية-ألمانية. تلقى تعليماً خاصاً، وتخرج من جامعة هرافرد في (1904). توزوج من إحدى قريباته أنا إلينور روزيفيلت (Anna Eleanor Roosevelt)، وبمباركة من عمها الرئيس الأمريكي الأسبق (ثيودور روزيفيلت). ثم عمل في مكتب محاماة في (وول ستريت) كموظف ثانوي، لكن طموحه السياسي كان كبيراً مما أهله للفوز بعضوية مجلس ولاية نيويورك في (1910)، ثم وفي عام (1913) جلب إنتباه الرئيس الأمريكي الأسبق (وودرو ولسن) ليعين كمساعد لوزير البحرية في حينها، مما عرف على الكثير من القيادات والشخصيات البارزة في الدولة. ينظر :
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