Analysis of seasonal temperature and relative humidity changes and their impact on human comfort in Iraq

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the temporal and spatial variations in temperature and relative humidity, and to demonstrate their impact on human comfort in Iraq. This is achieved through the analysis of long-term human-climatic data and the use of the Discomfort Index (DI Thom), which interprets temperature-humidity (THI). The study revealed a clear spatial variation across seasons. Basra recorded the highest temperatures in all seasons, particularly in summer (38.1°C), while Erbil recorded the lowest in winter (9.8°C). The trend of change was positive across all seasons, with Erbil recording the highest percentage change in winter (0.6787%) and the highest in summer (0.2512%). Conversely, humidity did not show a decreasing trend, especially in summer. Khanaqin recorded the highest annual change (-0.5958%), while Erbil exhibited a slight decrease in some seasons. The study focused on specific types of cat sunglasses, comparing them to other types of sunglasses. The average DI (Density Intensity) reached its highest value in Basra (32.0), while the THI (Total Intensity) index reached 28.0 in the same period, with a trend of increasing (except for 0.15%) at most stations. The results showed a clear increase in the "hot" and "very hot" temperatures, compared to the "comfortable" temperature, including a rise in stress levels, with the percentage of cats experiencing stress levels comparable to human comfort in Iraq.