Economic life in Islamic Andalusia; model agriculture and trade

Abstract

This research aims to examine the features of the economic life in Islamic al-Andalus, focusing on the integration between agriculture and trade as two essential pillars for societal prosperity. The study explores the general economic structure, including natural and human resources, as well as the economic policies adopted by the state. It further analyzes the development of agricultural activities, highlighting key crops, irrigation techniques, and the socio-economic organization of rural labor. In the commercial aspect, the study delves into the internal and external trade networks, including land and sea routes, and offers a detailed analysis of local markets, the financial system, and currencies in use. The findings reveal that agriculture provided a stable productive base, while trade ensured the circulation of goods and expanded civilizational connections. This synergy contributed significantly to the prosperity and political stability of al-Andalus. The study recommends further research into the economic frameworks of other Islamic civilizations