صعوبات تدريس العلوم في المرحلة الابتدائية من وجهة نظر المعلمين

• Al-Assaf, Saleh bin Hamad. (2016). Introduction to Research in Behavioral Sciences (6th ed.). Riyadh: Dar Al-Zahraa for Publishing and Distribution.

• Al-Azmi, Khalid Mishal. (2021). The reality of teaching the developed curricula and obstacles to implementing active learning in basic education schools. Journal of the Faculty of Education/Ain Shams University, 45(2).

• Al-Azmi, Mishari Fahd. (2021). Science learning difficulties among fourth-grade teachers in the State of Kuwait. Journal of the Islamic University for Educational and Psychological Studies, 29(4).

• Al-Jubouri, Maitham Hussein. (2023). Evaluating Training Programs for Primary School Science Teachers in Light of Modern Teaching Competencies. Journal of Educational and Psychological Research/University of Baghdad, 20(76).

• Al-Otaibi, Bandar bin Abdullah. (2023). Training needs of science teachers in the primary stage in light of modern teaching strategies. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 17(1).

• Al-Otaibi, Nawaf bin Fallah. (2023). Science teachers at the primary level are required in light of the learning requirements. International Journal of Educational Research/United Arab Emirates University, 47(1).

• Al-Rashidi, Ahmed Thamer. (2025). The Impact of Class Sizes on the Effectiveness of Inquiry-Based Learning in Science from the Teachers' Perspective. Arab Journal of Science Education, 28(1).

• Al-Saadi, Haider Jassim. (2022). Difficulties in Implementing the Developed Science Curriculum Series in Primary Schools: A Field Study. Wasit Journal of Human Sciences, 18(2).

• Al-Shammari, Fahd bin Majid. (2022). Field difficulties faced by science teachers in the primary stage and their impact on learning outcomes. International Specialized Educational Journal, 11(3).

• Al-Shammari, Fahd Sulaiman. (2022). Difficulties faced by science teachers in the northern neighboring region in light of some. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences/University of Bahrain, 23(2).

• Al-Tamimi, Zarqa Ali. (2024). Material and Technical Obstacles Facing Science Teachers in Double-Shift Primary Schools. Journal of the College of Basic Education for Educational and Human Sciences/University of Babylon, (63).

• Badeer, Kariman. (2019). Active Learning: Modern Strategies and Applications in the Classroom (2nd ed.). Cairo: Dar Al-Masirah for Publishing, Distribution, and Printing.

• Badeer, Kariman. (2019). Teaching Science to Children. Amman: Dar Tawila for Publishing, Distribution, and Printing.

• Mansour, Wael Abdel Hakim. (2021). The Reality of the Availability of Virtual Laboratories and Visual Technologies in Primary Schools and the Challenges of Using Them in Science Teaching. Journal of Educational Technology and Digital Learning, 5(3).

• Zaitoun, Ayesh Mahmoud. (2020). Science Teaching (8th ed.). Amman: Dar Al-Shorouk for Publishing and Distribution.

• Zaitoun, Kamal Abdel Hamid. (2020). Science Education and Developed Science Curricula: The Constructivist Vision and Field Applications (4th ed.). Cairo: Alam Al-Kutub for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.