The competition of commercial and political forces in the Arabian Gulf during the Ilkhanid era 656-737 AH: 1258-1336 AD

Abstract

   When the Mongols stopped their expansionary movements after submitted Iran to their rules, and took overthrow of the Abbasid Caliphate in 656 AH / 1258 AD; that was coincided with the control of the Atabeg of Persia over the ports of the Persian Gulf, who began a new phase of political and economic sovereignty over it, and that their submission to the Mongols, led to the creation of a safe environment in the provinces of Persia. So that, the Persian Gulf played on encourage merchants and the prosperity of trades, and their reign was a period of recovery for the Persian Gulf and southern Iran, which continues about half a century. In that time, the establishment of the Karakhatians of Kerman dynasty, when one of the Khwarizmian princes, Buraq Hajeb, took control over Kerman, the time after the fall of the Khwarizm empire by Mongols. Its possessions were been divided among the leaders and princes, who established a hereditary dynasties in there. In the period of turkan khatun, the Karakhatians of Kerman dynasty took an important and vital role of the political events developments in southern Iran and the Persian Gulf; through strengthening relationships with the Mongols, creating a state of stability, and developing trade relationships, which caused to make Hormuz took place of Kish as a main trading chief port in the Persian Gulf. However, These conditions did not last, for many reasons like, the internal turmoil that hit the Salgarian Atabeg rule, the end of the Mongol rule of Karakhatians of Kerman, their direct rule of the Fars and Kerman regions, the need of the Mongols for the revenues of the ports of the Persian Gulf, and at last growing strength of the Mongol tax officials in Iran. all that led to emergence of a local ruling dynasty in the Persian Gulf linked to a kind of indirect relationship with the Ilkhanids, one of these dynasties was (Tayyibi ) (end of the 7th century AH / 13th century AD), who During their reign, Hormuz became one of the most important power centers in the Persian Gulf for three centuries. This study aims to find the historical truth about the influence of local governments in southern Iran through the developments that occurred in the political life in the Persian Gulf regions during the Mongol - Ilkhanid rule, and whether the relationships of local dynasties with the Mongols helped the growth of international trade in the ports of the Persian Gulf. In this research, we followed the descriptive analytical method, in order to find the historical truth