The Artistic Structure in the Letters of Caliph Omar Ibn Al-Khattab (May Allah Be Pleased with Him)

Abstract

This study examines the foundational principles established by Caliph Omar Al-Farouq (may Allah be pleased with him) in composing his letters, focusing on the distinctive artistic features that characterize his epistolary style. The significance of this research lies in its contribution to enriching Arabic prose by highlighting the aesthetic and rhetorical values derived from the Qur’anic expression and the noble Prophetic tradition. The study also compiles a selection of Omar's letters to serve as a reference for scholars and researchers interested in this literary genre.

      The structure of the research is divided into an introduction, two main sections, and a conclusion. The introduction defines the concept of the letter both linguistically and terminologically, explores its synonyms, and presents a brief overview of Al-Farouq's life, including his character, conversion to Islam, and moral traits.

       The first section addresses the formal and structural features, analyzing the external artistic construction of Caliph Omar's letters. The second section discusses the rhetorical and stylistic techniques used in these letters, including imperative, prohibitive, oath, interrogative, and vocative expressions. It also explores Al-Farouq's reliance on religious terminology within his correspondence. The research concludes with a summary of findings.